Burner nozzle



Jan. 28, 1930.

F. L. HAMMER `BURNER NOZZLE Filed April 21. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l v A.,H 0

. 8 e .l 7 6 W 1 1 J 5 l i 2 0 2 nQ/UN 49 ll/ s ,4 l C 4 1. a@ m f e2 Ma, u WW 2 6 im M 4 AIU. M uw .wo ma. M J 0 WJ :D 3 o 1U 2 M EW F ww 6 5A. w -5 m fon /v www u w v N Z .I 7 O mbv lo 3 5 l 3 3 u. o YU u .M uw 3Patented Jan. 28 1930 PATENT OFFICE FORRESTEB L. HAMMER, F BRANFOBD,CONNECTICUT BURNER NOZZLE Application iled April 21,

This invention relates to oil burners, and more especially tothat partof an oil burn# ing system which may be termed the burner proper, andwhich comprises the means for atomizing the liquid fuel and mixin aquantity of air, for the purpose o obtaining substantially completecombustion of the fuel. In the preferred formof my invention which Ihave illustrated in the drawings, the

liquid fuel or oil is first atomized by the im- 4. l pinging on a streamof air under a certain amount of pressure. During the atomizing process,this air is, of course, mixed with the oil and itself serves in part tosupport the combustion of the fuel, although as shown in the drawings,the atomizedoil is thereafter mixed with a quantity of what may betermed volume air or air under a low pressure, in order to supplyT thenecessary amount of oxygen to assure substantially complete combustionof the fuel.` j

One object of my invention is to provide a more eilicient'oil burnerthan has been used heretofore. 4

Another object of my invention is to provide a burner wherein theatomized fuel and air is discharged therefrom in a rapidly spreading jet rather than in a straight stream which might be vdirected against thewall 3o of the furnace and result in uneven distribution of heat.

Another object of my invention is to provide an eiiicientoil burner of atype that may be used' economically in household furnaces.

A still further object of my invention is ,y the provision of an oilburner wherein the atomizing of the oil may be accomplished by a streamof air under a relatively low pressure. Y

To these and other ends, the invention consists in the novel featuresand combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and claimed; i,

In th`e accompanying drawings:

burner nozzle embodying my invention, the wall of the burner housingbeing shown in section to expose the interior parts:

2 is a sectional view through the atomizing nozzle;

it withv 1927. Serial N0. 185,616.

' Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; n `ig. 4 is atransverse sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is arear face view of the diverter surrounding the atomizingnozzle;

Fig. 6 is a side view of the same;

7 is a' sectional view on line VV7--7 of 'lo illustrate a preferredembodiment of my invention, I have shown a burner housing 10, theinterior of which is in communicav tionwith the outlet 11 of a fan 12.The fan may be of any preferred type, and it isv not considerednecessary to show the details thereof in this application. This fan iswhat may be termed the volume air fan and is designed to blow aconsiderable quantity of air through the interior of the housing 10 tosupport the combustion of the atomized oil. The 7 interior of thehousing is hollow for this purpose, and within this housing is supportedthe atomizing nozzle and its associated arts. The wall of the housing 10is provid with Ja recess 13 from which leads a pipe 14, de signed todeliver the pressure or* atomizing air to the burner. The inlet end 15of this pipe extends in the recess 13 and through an opening in thisrecess for connection with the outlet of a suitable air fan or blower(not shown), designed to deliver air atthe required pressure. To theforward end of the pipe 14 is `detachably connected a second pipe 16,the interior of which is in communication with the interior of the pipe14. The delivery end of the pipe 16. is threaded for engagement with thethreaded socket 17 at the rear end of the atomizing nozzle 18.

This atomizing nozzle i-s shown in section in Fig. 2, and comprises anozzle body having a longitudinal opening 19 extending entirely throughthe body and'communic ating at its'rear end withthe threaded opening 17.f The nozzlebody` is provided adjacent Fig. 1 is a sidel elevationalview of an oil` its `forward end with a plurality of offset or steppedportionsQO, 21, 22 and 23, for a purpose hereinafter described. Theseportions, it will be understood, are annular in shape and extendentirely around the burner body, thepart 23 being threaded in order 1,00

' on. Below the air to secure the other parts of the nozzle therepassage19, a longitudinal oil assage or bore 24 is arranged in the nozzgewhich, at its inlet end, communicates with a threaded socket 25 to whichmay bel connected the oil pipe 26 leading from a source of fuel oil. Atits forward end, the oil passage 24 leads through the shoulder 26between the stepped portions 20 and 21 of the nozzle.

An inner cap 27 is designed to be slipped upon the end of the nozzlebody 18, this cap having a rear skirt portion 28, adapted to it closelyupon the portion 21 of the nozzle and the rear end of which is adaptedto lodge against the shoulder 29. The skirt portion 28 is somewhatlonger than the part 21 of the nozzle, so as to provide in front of theshoulder 26 an annular oil chamber 30 in communication with the oilinlet passage 24. The inner diameter of the front portion 31 of theinner tip is slightly larger than the front portion 20 of the burnernozzle, so as to leave therebetween an annular oil passage 32. The frontend ofthe burner nozzle is beveled, as shown at 33, and the adjacentinner surface 34 of the inner tip is complementally beveled so that thedelivery end of the passage between these parts is directed inwardly ortoward the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and of the air passage 19. Atits forward end, the tip is provlded with an.

opening 35 in line with and substantially the same size as the openingat the forward end of the air passa e 19.

An outer cap mem er or shell 36 is designed to be telescoped over thenozzle and over the inner cap member, and at itsrear end is providedwithinternal threads 37 to engage the threads 23 on the nozzle member. For aconsiderable distance forwardly of the threaded end of the outer ca itis substantially cylindrical in shape and) of such a size as to leave anannular air passage 38 between its wall and the outer wall of the burnernozzle and the skirt portion 28 of the inner cap. Forwardly of this rearcylindrical portion the wall of the outer cap or shell, is displacedinwardly, as shown at 39, to follow the shape of the inner cap, thelatterl being provi ed with two or more lugs 39 against which the part39 of the outer cap bears to hold the inner capin place. It will be aparent that when the outer cap is threadldd .upon the nozzle, that thethree parts of the burner above described, will be securelyheld inassembled relation andat the same time may be very readily dis-assembledif occasion requires. The outer cap is larger than the inner ca so thatthe air passage 38 is continued etween these two members, which are ofsubstantially the same shape throughout their lengths, the air from thepassage 38 being delivered through the annular outlet 40 in a directiontoward the axis of the burner, and just forwardly of the oil deliveryoutlet. At its extreme forward end, an opening 41 is provided in theouter cap.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, openings 42 and 43 are provided between thelongitudinal air passage 19 yand the annular air passage .38, so that apart ofthe air entering the passage 17 is diverted into the annularpassage 38 to be delivered through the air outlet 40 between the innerand outer caps. A web 44 extends across the passage 19, and is providedwith an opening 45 to receive the stem 46 of an air tip 47, located atthe mouth of the nozzle. The stem 46 is provided with an enlarged collar48, designed to be lodged against the forward end of the web 44, and anut 49 threaded upon the rear end of the stem is designed to draw thiscollar in tight engagement with the web and hold the tip in place.

As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing, the Aside of this tiptoward the burner is of conical shape, so as to cause the air and fuelimpinging thereagainst to be deflected in an outward direction away fromthe longitudinal axis of the burner. A number of openings 50 extendthrough the tip 47 in a direction longitudinally of the burner, so asvto permit part of the air from the passage 19 to pass therethrough.Threaded into the stem 46 of the tip, as shown at 5l, is the stem 52'ofjan air'spreader 53, against which theair passing through theopenings 50, is designed to impinge and be deflected ina directiontransverse to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.` This spreader is asubstantially flat disk shaped member, and is spaced forwardly of thetip 47 so that the openings 50 will not be closed. At the same time, theair passing through these openings strikes the rear face of the spreaderand is "defleeted in a lateral direction and caused to enter the streamof atomized vfuel in this dinection, so as to spread out this streamlateral y and prevent it.I from issuing from the' mouth of the nozzle ina narrow axially dir cted stream. Also, as it is directed th ough theatmozied oil, so to speak, it tends to urther break up and atomize thefuel.

t the rear end of the portion 20 of the bu 'ner nozzle is provided anexternalsh 1- de 54, which as lShown in Fig. 2, at the l wer portion ofthe nozzle, substantially closes t e annular oil passage 32 so as toshut off c mmunication between this passage and the oi;` chamber 3(1).kshoulder 54 gradually diminishes toward the upper part of the nozzleuntil it merges into the wall 20, leaving the passage 32 at the upperslide of the burner entirely clear. This resultsin forcing the oil inits passage from the cha iber 30 to rise to the upper side of thislchagilber before itcan enter freely into the pas ge 32, so'that thelast named passage As shown in ',Fig. 4, the

will be substantially filled with oil, and the latter will be deliveredat the mouth of the nozzle aboutthe entire periphery of the air passage19. In View of the fact that the oil delivery tube 24 is at the lowerside of the burner, if it were not for the provision of this shoulder,the upper part of the passage 32 might not receive the proper quantityof oil.

Upon the outside of the outer cap 36 is placed an air dctlector ordiverter 55, which is enclosed within a. cylindrical sleeve 56, open atits rear end and having a flaring mouth 57. 'Ihe air diverter 55 isprovided p with a central opening within which the outer the housing.

cap is received, and surrounding this opening are a plurality of vanesofspiralshape, so as to give the air passing therethrough, volume air inthis instance, a whirling movement. 'lhis aircomes in contact with theatomized fuel, and due to the whirling moveand to the fact the spreader53, with the fuel, and the entire charge of mixe fuel and air issuesfrom the flaring mouth 57 of the sleeve 56 in a whirling, spreadingspray. This spray is also mixed with additional air issuing rom thepassages 58 and-59 between the sleeve 56 and the wall of the housing 10,which air is directed inwardly toward the mixed fuel and air coming fromthe sleeve 56, by the inturned lips 60 and 61 of it becomes thoroughlymixed The lower `inturned lip 61 provides a well 62 to receive from thepipe 63 any oil leakage which might occur and any oil caught by thiswell is consumed by the flame at the burner nozzle. The pipe 63 leadstothe bed of the machine (not shown).

The operation of my device may be briefly described as follows. Theoil'pipe 26 is connected to a source of oil, which is preferably underno greater pressure than just a sufficient amount to deliver 1t at theburner tip.

This pressure may be obtained by gravity from the position oftheoil'tank or other source of supply. This oil passes through the passage24 and into the chamber 30, where coming into contact with theshoulf'n-.r 54 it is caused to spread upwardly to fill the chamber 30,so as to pass into the upper part of the annular oil delivery passage32, and be delivered at the mouth of this passage in an `annular streamdirected inwardly toward the axis of the burner. Air under a certainamount of pressure isjsupplied through the air tube 16, to the passage19. W ith Vthe arrangement I have provided, it is not necessary to usea-high pressure for lthe atomizing air, a pressure of from six ounces toone pound being sufficient, and experience has shown that a pressure ofsixounces .producesvery satisfactory results. A part of the 'air in the.passage 19 is diverted through the openings 42 and 43 to the annularpassage 38. The red serves to spread the atomized oil to mainder of theair passing through the central passage 19 strikes the oil streamissuing at the mouth of the oil passage, and as this oil stream isdirected inwardly across the air stream, the impact of the latter will'cause the oil stream to be broken up into tine particles, so as to beprepared for thorough atomization. This com ined air and oil stream thenpasses forwardly, where it is deflected by the tip 47 in an outwarddirection to pass through the opening 41. At the same time pressure airissuing from the mouth 40 of the outer air passage is deliveredperipherally into and across this stream of 011 and air, so as tofurther break up the oil particles and effect a further atomization. Inthe meanwhile, partially mixed oil and air issues through the openings50 in the tip 47 to impinge against the rear surface of the spreader 53and be defleet-ed outwardly across the atomized oil issuing fromV theopening 41. This' further breaks up the oil particles and completes thel atomization thereof, and at the same time, prevent its being projectedfrom the nozzle inl an axially directed jet. This spreading vjet ofatomized fuel is then attacked by the whirling volume air passingthrough the diverter 55, within the sleeve 56. This volume air isdelivered into the housing 1() bythe fan 12, and is preferably under avery low pressure, say two to four ounces, or a pressure just sullicientto deliver the proper volume of air to support the combustion of thefuel. This whirling, spreading spray of atomized oil andair is thenthrown into theA furnace after being mixed with additional volume airissuing from the passages 58 and 59, when it will be in condition to beeiliciently and completely burned.

Between the spiral fins of the diverter 55 are passed a pair of sparkmembers 65, only Y one ofwhich is shown, these members being Figs. 5, 6and 7 of the drawings. This ele-` loo ment comprises a central sleeve orcollar 55a Y which is adapted to fit upon and embrace the outer capmember or shell 36 of the atomizing nozzle, collar and extendingforwardly therefrom are spaced vanes 55b of spiral shape. Viewed fromthe rear side thereof the vanes present air cups or pockets 55, whichreceive the volume 4air from'` the fan, 12 and deflect it spirallythrough the spaces 55d, between the vanes in a whirling movement.`Recesses 55e may be provided intwo of the vanes to allow the sparkmembers 65 to project therethrough adjacent the front end of theatomizing nozzle. It willbe apparent that the volume air passing in thesleeve 56 will be caught Within the pockets 55 and be given a whirlingmoveas shown in Fig. 1. Attached to thisl ment as it passes through thediverter for the purpose already set forth.

Under some conditions it has been found that the jet of mixed air andoil issuing within the collar 56 has a tendency to move in an upwarddirection and this tendency may be counteracted by closin the passage 59below the collar 56, so that t e air issuing between this collar'andthe` housingwill be above the flame or above the issuing jet of air and,oil, and will be directed thereinto in a downward direction. When thelower passage 59 is thus closed off the spray of mixed fuel and air ismaintained at a lower point in the furnace, and in some instances, theoperation of the burner is improved.

In the case of burners of small sizes, I have foundit sometimesdesirable to omit the openings in the tip 47 and use this tip as aspreader for the oil and air, also, of course, omitting. the provisionof the spreader 53. In other words, in the case of such burners, if thetip 47 is imperforate it will act to spread the iiame and the tip 53 maybe omitted, thus simplifying the construction of the burner withoutaffecting the efliciency thereof. p

It is to be noted that when the oil may be atomized with air at a verylow pressure, as in the p resent burner, and also when the volume air isfurnished at a very low pressure, the char e of mixed fuel and air isthrown into the urnace with a low velocity so that it may spread outquickly in all directions and not bethrown against the back of thefurnace.

While I have shown and described a preferred embodiment of my invention,it wi ll bel understood that it is not to be limited to the detailsshown, but is capable of modification and variation which will liewithin the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

lVhat I claim is:

1. In a liquid fuel burner nozzle, a fuel chamber, a fuel passageleading into the chamber at lthe lower end thereof, an annular passageleading from said chamber, and an l abutment at the entrance of saidlast named passage to restrict the lower portion thereof to cause thefuel in said chamber to rise toi ward the top thereof before beingadmitted sesV to said annular passa e.` v

2. In a liquid fuel urner, a fuel chamber, means to sup ly fuel thereto,an annular passagefleading fiom the chamber, and a shoulder l formed o nthe' wall of the passage and projecting thereinto to substantially closethe same at the lower'sidethereof, and merging in'to the wall of thepassage toward the up per side thereof.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing nozzle having an air passage todirect a stream of air longitudinally of the burner, a second airpassage, means to direct a stream of air 'communication therefrom acrossthe first air stream, at a point in advance of the outlet of the firstpassage, and means to deliver a supply of fuel between said air streams,and means to deliver a'supply of air with a whirling motion about thenozzle into the atomized fuel.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing nozzle having an air passageadapted to deliver an air stream longitudinally 'of the burner, a'fuelpassage adapted to direct a jet of fuel across the outlet of said airpassage, and a second air passage beyond the fuel passage and adapted todirect a jet of air across the stream of mixed air and fuel.

issuing from the first two passages, and means to deliver a supply ofair with a whirling motion about the nozzle into the atomized fuel.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, means providing a longitudinally disposedair passage having an open mouth, means providing a'fuel passage todeliver a jet of' fuel inwardly across the air stream issuing from saidpassage, and peripherally about the same, and a second air passagebeyond the fuel passage and adapted to deliver a. stream of air acrossthe jet of air and fuel from the first two passages, and peripherallyabout the same, and a tip arranged forwardly of said passages againstwhich the air and oil is directed, said tip being provided with openingsthrough which the mixed air and fuel passes, and a spreader member todeflect the air and fuel passing through said openings in a lateraldirection.

6. An oil burner, comprising a nozzle body having a longitudinal airopening therein, an annular oil passage surrounding said air pas` sage,an annular air passage surrounding said oil passage, means affordingcommunication between said longitudinal air passage and said annular airpassage, both of said annular passages and said longitudinal passagehavmg delivery openings adjacent the front end of the nozzle body, a tipadjacent the outlet of said openings and being itself provided withaxially directed openings, and a spreader member infront of the tip todeflect in a lateral direction the oil and air passing through the tipopenings.

7 An atomizing nozzle for liquid fuel burners. comprising a nozzle bodyhaving a longitudinal opening therethrough, a cap positionedtelescopic'ally on said body and spaced therefrom to provide an annularpassage therebetween, a second cap supported on said body and positionedabout the first cap and spaced therefrom to provide a second annularpassage between the caps, and limiting members between the first andsecond caps to secure them in properly spaced relation, and said annularpassages having outlets in with the longitudinal passage.

8. An atomizing nozzle, comprising a body member having a longitudinalpassage therein, an outer cap received upon and supported by said bodyand spaced therefrom to leave an annular passage therebetween, an innercap telescopically secured upon said bodywithin said annular passage andspaced bo from the wall of the body and from the outer cap to leaveannular passages therebetween, and means affording communication betweenthe longitudinal passage in the body and the annular passage between'thecaps.

9. An atomizing nozzle, comprising a body W member having a longitudinalpassage therein', an outer cap received upon and supported by said bodyand spaced therefrom to leave an annular passage therebetween, an innercap telescopleallv secured upon said body within said annular passageand spaced both from the wall of the body and Jfrom the outer cap toleave annular passages therebetween,

and means affording communication between the longitudinal passage inthe body and the annular passage between the caps, and limiting memberspositioned on one of the caps and engaging the other thereof to holdthem in properly spaced relation.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of April,1927.

' FORRESTER L. HAMMER.

